Spoken languages: Mandarin is China’s official language, but many regions have their own dialects, including Cantonese, which is widely spoken in southern China, and Shanghainese. English is spoken in major cities and tourist areas, especially in hotels and restaurants, but it’s a good idea to learn some basic Mandarin phrases to help with everyday communication.
Local habits and customs: In China, showing respect is important. Avoid pointing at people with your finger – use your whole hand – and when dining, always pass food to others before serving yourself. Be prepared for queues and busy spaces, especially in major tourist attractions. Clothing rules are generally quite relaxed. Tipping is not expected, except in high-end hotels or with tour guides.
Currency: The currency in mainland China is the yuan (¥), or renminbi. Hong Kong’s currency is the Hong Kong dollar (HK$). ATMs are available nationwide, and major credit cards are accepted in most places frequented by tourists. However, cash is still king in local markets, so keep some handy for smaller purchases.
Getting around: China’s public transport systems are efficient and affordable. Cities are well catered for by a mix of metro systems, buses and taxis, although it’s best to have your destination written in Chinese. High-speed trains are an excellent way to travel between cities.
Electricity and plug types: Mainland China uses 220V with Type A, C and I plugs. UK travellers will need an adapter.
Time zone: Despite China's size, the whole country operates on China Standard Time (CST), 8 hours ahead of GMT.